I knew of a few possabilities, only 2 may work. I haven't tried:
dbtng_migrator - migrates a drupal db to different DBMS engines at will. no schema export support.
Data - module to move data into and out of drupal databases.
The Data module provides
an API for dynamically allocating tables for single-row records. an
API for insert/update/delete operations and describing how tables join
to each other. automatic views integration. a way to export table
definitions to code.
Schema - drush dl schema Includes the following functionality not found in Core:
Schema structure generation: the module examines the live database and
creates Schema API data structures for all tables that match the live
database.
I have a drupal DB with other database connections defined in settings.php. You can go into Schema settings and tell to look at any named database connection (by default drupal is default). Here I select dew_remote_sources -- a "remote" (non drupal) database of data. The inspect tab then lists the SchemaAPI hook_schema defintion for each table with dummy comments to fillin.

Lastly views_schema is pretty cool. It creates the hook_views_data for drupal tables based on their schema api definition.
Honestly I dont think you looked at @4Life answer close enough because given a db connection string, Schema does what you want.