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1. show a Drupal message, each time a user is invited to join some group, similar to this sample message (which also shows various Group related tokens you can take advantage of, such as the name and type of the group):

The user with name Demo.User just got invited by Pierre.Vriens to join the group named Using the Answers module (with group type Class).

2. Create an appropriate eMail, using the various (relevant) tokens, e.g. the eMail Id of the user who performs the invite (= from), and the user that is invited (=to).

1. show a Drupal message, each time a user is invited to join some group, similar to this sample message (which also shows various Group related tokens you can take advantage of, such as the name and type of the group):

   The user with name Demo.User just got invited by Pierre.Vriens to join the group named Using the Answers module (with group type Class).

2. Create an appropriate eMail, using the various (relevant) tokens, e.g. the eMail Id of the user who performs the invite (= from), and the user that is invited (=to).

{ "rules_notification_about_new_group_invitation" : {
    "LABEL" : "Notification about new group invitation",
    "PLUGIN" : "reaction rule",
    "OWNER" : "rules",
    "REQUIRES" : [ "rules", "group" ],
    "ON" : { "group_membership_insert" : [] },
    "IF" : [
      { "data_is" : { "data" : [ "group-membership:status" ], "value" : "invited" } }
    ],
    "DO" : [
      { "drupal_message" : { "message" : "The user with name [group-membership:user] just got invited by [group-membership:invited-by:name] to join the group named [group-membership:group:title] (with group type [group-membership:group:group-type:label]." } },
      { "mail" : {
          "to" : [ "group-membership:user:mail" ],
          "subject" : "You\u0027re invited by [group-membership:invited-by:name] to join the group \u0022[group-membership:group:title]\u0022",
          "message" : "You\u0027re invited by [group-membership:invited-by:name] to join the group named [group-membership:group:title] (with group type [group-membership:group:group-type:label].",
          "from" : [ "group-membership:invited-by:mail" ],
          "language" : [ "" ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

The user with name Demo.User just got invited by Pierre.Vriens to join the group named Using the Answers module and with group type Class.

{ "rules_notification_about_new_group_invitation" : {
    "LABEL" : "Notification about new group invitation",
    "PLUGIN" : "reaction rule",
    "OWNER" : "rules",
    "REQUIRES" : [ "rules", "group" ],
    "ON" : { "group_membership_insert" : [] },
    "IF" : [
      { "data_is" : { "data" : [ "group-membership:status" ], "value" : "invited" } }
    ],
    "DO" : [
      { "drupal_message" : { "message" : "The user with name [group-membership:user] just got invited by [group-membership:invited-by:name] to join the group named [group-membership:group:title] (with group type [group-membership:group:group-type:label])." } },
      { "mail" : {
          "to" : [ "group-membership:user:mail" ],
          "subject" : "You\u0027re invited by [group-membership:invited-by:name] to join the group \u0022[group-membership:group:title]\u0022",
          "message" : "You\u0027re invited by [group-membership:invited-by:name] to join the group named [group-membership:group:title] (with group type [group-membership:group:group-type:label]).",
          "from" : [ "group-membership:invited-by:mail" ],
          "language" : [ "" ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

The user with name Demo.User just got invited by Pierre.Vriens to join the group named Using the Answers module (with group type Class).

The Group module, out of the box, does not seem to send any eMail notifications to some user who got invited to join some group. However, since the Group module is entirely entity based, it's a piece of cake to use Rules for creating such eMails. Read on for more details about how to do so.

What you're asking about is related to the creation of a new group membership, and which corresponds to Rules Event "After saving a new group membership*". This Rules Event is one of the events added by the Group module, located with 'Rules group' (don't get confused ...) "Group membership". However, a Group membership also has a status, which can be any of these:

The Group module, out of the box, does not seem to send any eMail notifications to some user who got invited to join some group. Note however that a special Drupal message is shown right after an invited user performs a login to the site (too bad if the invited user never performs a login ...). Here is a sample of such message (which includes a link to relative path /user/uid/group/invite):

You have pending group invitations. Visit your profile to see them.

However, since Group is entirely entity based, it's a piece of cake to use Rules for creating such eMails. The clue to do so, is related to the creation of a new group membership, and which corresponds to Rules Event "After saving a new group membership*". This Rules Event is one of the events added by the Group module, located with 'Rules group' (don't get confused ...) "Group membership". However, a Group membership also has a status, which can be any of these: