I have seen this happen many times during migrations in D7. Most commonly, when a region is not defined in a new or alternate theme... then the block gets disabled. There are also contrib (and definitely custom) modules that can have the same impact. Last but not least, install profile use - and subsequent misuse - can readily cause this behavior. Especially when there is a theme in the profile. In most cases I've seen, the issue is a result of many hands over time maintaining code in different (and sometimes conflicting) ways.
On the second question, D8 has significant changes and vastly improved blocks. In fact, new in Drupal 8 are the Block Plugin API, which is a stand-alone reusable API and the Block Entity API which is used for block placement and visibility control.
If you're curious what revision fields are present in D8 (and this might have changed in more recent versions) 2 of the relevant tables are:
mysql> describe block_content;
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| revision_id | int(10) unsigned | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| type | varchar(32) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| uuid | varchar(128) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| langcode | varchar(12) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
and:
mysql> describe block_content_revision;
+--------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| revision_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| langcode | varchar(12) | NO | | NULL | |
| revision_log | longtext | YES | | NULL | |
+--------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
You will note that even though entities are now being used and therefore revision goodness is present... the fields you were looking for (created, changed) are not available in D8 for these tables.