How to modify the "href" attribute of some of the links of an html field type?

Question

I'm using drupal 9.4.8 and I have a content type called "articles" which has a "body" field (which is a reference to a paragraph) and I'm making an algorithm to check all the articles already loaded and in its body field check when links are there and look if its "href" attribute has a valid code, otherwise replace the content of its "href" attribute with a "#". So far I did it through a query to the DB like this:

        $database = \Drupal::service('database');
        $query = $database->select('paragraph__field_summary')
         ->fields('paragraph__field_summary')
         ->range(0, 40);

And after that I do the algorithm to replace it in the database:

    $query = $database->select('paragraph__field_summary')
    ->fields('paragraph__field_summary')
    ->condition('entity_id', 10123);
$result = $query->execute();
$dom = new DOMDocument();
foreach ($result as $record) {

    $str = $record->field_summary_value;
    $dom->loadHTML($str);
    $links = $dom->getElementsByTagName('a');

    foreach ($links as $link) {

        $search_url = $link;

        $curl = curl_init();

        curl_setopt_array($curl, array(
            CURLOPT_URL => $search_url,
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
            CURLOPT_ENCODING => '',
            CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS => 10,
            CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 0,
            CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => true,
            CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION => CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1,
            CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => 'GET',
        ));

        $response = curl_exec($curl);
        /*  if (!curl_errno($curl)) { */
        switch ($http_code = curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE)) {
            case 404:
                dump($search_url);
                exit;
                $str = str_replace($search_url, "#", $str);
                $str = str_replace('target="_blank"', " ", $str);
                $status_update = update_node($record, $str);
                break;

                /* } */
        }

        curl_close($curl);
    }
}

code of the function "update_node":

 try {

    $database = \Drupal::service('database');

    $num_updated = $database->update('paragraph__field_summary')
        ->fields([
            'field_summary_value' => $data_replace,
        ])
        ->condition('entity_id', $data_principal->entity_id, '=')
        ->execute();

    $num_updated2 = $database->update('paragraph_revision__field_summary')
        ->fields([
            'field_summary_value' => $data_replace,
        ])
        ->condition('entity_id', $data_principal->entity_id, '=')
        ->execute();

    return $num_updated;
} catch (\Exception $e) {

    return $e;
}

When it is executed it makes me the change in the database in phpmyadmin, but at the time of opening the node the change is not noticed. I was thinking that maybe it is a cache issue but I tried several ways to clear cache and none of them worked, maybe someone has some idea that can help me?