Through some trial and error and some further digging, I figured it out. Here's what works:
URL: [entityform:field-file-upload:0:file:url]
Filename: [entityform:field-file-upload:0:file:name]
Upload date: [entityform:field-file-upload:0:file:timestamp:short]
Increment the 0 to return more files from the multi-value array of uploaded files.
Once I had the basic syntax, the Drupal List of Tokens page was particularly useful.