I finally fixed the problem. As Berdir said to recognize a template you need to explicitly specify a suggestion in your hook_theme() in your module. My hook_theme() looks like this:

    function equipment_theme(array $variables)
    {
      $theme = array();

      # Suggestion for the template
      $theme['node__equipment'] = array(
          'render element' => 'content',
          'base hook' => 'node',
          # template file
          'template' => 'node--equipment',
          # location of the template file
         'path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'equipment') . '/templates',
      );

      return $theme;
    }