Yes it's possible only if you do it programatically for this. You can use hook_entity_presave() and update encrypted values while saving user. And while retrieving data/fields you can decrypt with the key that you used for encryption and show in profile view page. Example:
/**
*
* @param array $edit
* @param type $account
* @param type $category
*/
function example_user_presave(&$edit, $account, $category) {
$name = $edit['name']; // Get value of field.
$edit['name'] = encrypt($name); // Encrypt and save.
}
/**
* Returns encrypted string
*/
function encrypt($pure_string) {
$encryption_key = 'SECRET';
$encrypted_string = openssl_encrypt($pure_string, "AES-128-ECB", $encryption_key);
return $encrypted_string;
}
/**
* Returns decrypted original string
*/
function decrypt($encrypted_string) {
$encryption_key = 'SECRET';
$decrypted_string = openssl_decrypt($encrypted_string, "AES-128-ECB", $encryption_key);
return $decrypted_string;
}