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for me it all works fine. if you set $variables['appcache'] then in html.tpl.php $appcache is available. just put die(); in your your_theme_name_preprocess_html and see if it called. maybe you need to clear theme cache
what exactly doesn't work? where did u put your_theme_name_preprocess_html ? did you rename your_theme_name to you theme name? and did you put it in template.php? is that function called?
yes. you need to create region--header.tpl.php but not region.header.tpl.php you can copy and rename modules/system/region.tpl.php but then you need to remove div wrapper from there